What is extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation?

Modification of heart-lung machine, ECMO for respiratory failure, ECLS for heart failure. Drains venous blood, parallel circulation [mechanical pump] gas exchange in oxygenator, blood returns into artery/vein Indication: Acute ischemic HF, acute HF after open heart surgery, acute or chronic graft failure after heart transplant, pulmonary embolism, acute viral myocarditis w/HF, intoxication, hypothermia, drowning Requirements: pump, console, disposables, tubes, canulae [arterial and venous] Can be central or peripheral (femoral arteries and veins) circulatory support