What are clinical features of IgA nephropathy?

➢ IgA nephropathy most often affects children and young adults. ➢ More than half of those affected present with gross hematuria after an infection of the respiratory or, less commonly, gastrointestinal or urinary tract; ➢ 30% to 40% have only microscopic hematuria, with or without proteinuria, ➢ 5% to 10% develop a typical acute nephritic syndrome. ➢ The hematuria typically lasts for several days and initially subsides, but then recurs periodically, usually in the setting of a viral infection. The course is highly variable. ➢ Many patients maintain normal renal function for decades. ➢Slow progression to end-stage renal disease occurs in 25% to 50% of cases over a period of 20 years. ➢Renal biopsy findings may help identify those with a poorer prognosis, as indicated by diffuse mesangial proliferation, segmental sclerosis, endocapillary proliferation, or tubulointerstitial fibrosis