Question:
What are the two types of tumor antigens?
Author: H KAnswer:
Tumor specific antigens (TSA): excellent targets Viral antigens: ex HBV antigens in liver carcinoma Neoantigens: derive from mutated genes (oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes or others): ex: ras, p53 Tumor associated antigens (TAA): less immunogenic, more challenging to target Over- or aberrantly expressed proteins. Ex: VEGF Cell type-specific differentiation antigens: normal cell proteins characteristic of a given maturation stage of a cell type. Ex: CD20, CALLA (CD10) Oncofetal antigens: fetal proteins normally silenced in adult cells, but reexpressed after epigenetic alterations Cancer-testis antigens: Ags present in normal germ cells of testis and ovary, and in fetus but not adults reappear in cancer.
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