Explain the difference between vertical and horizontal organizational structure

A vertical organizational structure has a clear, multi-layered hierarchy where decision-making is centralized at the top, and communication flows downward. This structure supports well-defined roles and accountability, making it effective for stable environments that prioritize efficiency and control. A horizontal structure has a flatter hierarchy with fewer levels, promoting collaboration and decentralized decision-making across teams. This setup enhances flexibility and rapid communication, suiting dynamic environments where innovation and responsiveness are essential. While vertical structures emphasize authority and order, horizontal structures foster adaptability and teamwork.