What were the advantages and disadvantages of the UK’s 1990 healthcare reform introducing the internal market and fund-holding GPs?

Advantages: Increased efficiency through competition among providers. Enhanced accountability by separating suppliers and purchasers, enabling "money follows the patient." Greater autonomy for hospitals, which became independent trusts. Disadvantages: Increased administrative complexity due to the fragmentation of responsibilities. Unequal implementation led to regional disparities in service quality.