B. NMDA-receptor antagonist

Stimulation of glutamate receptors in the CNS appears to be critical for the formation of certain memories. However, overstimulation of glutamate receptors, particularly of the NMDA type, has been shown to result in excitotoxic eff ects on neurons and is suggested as a mechanism for neurodegenerative or apoptotic (programmed cell death) processes. Binding of glutamate to the NMDA receptor assists in the opening of an associated ion channel that allows Na+ and, particularly, Ca2+ to enter the neuron. Unfortunately, excess intracellular Ca2+ can activate a number of processes that ultimately damage neurons and lead to apoptosis.