Bio-Cells
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Bio-Cells - Details
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🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
Endomembrane system | Regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell; made of phospholipids |
Prokaryote | No nucleus & no membrane bound organelles |
Where is gravity on the space station? | On the outside |
Eukaryote | Membrane bound organelles & nucleus |
Histone proteins | Increases surface area and allows for reading of any section (chromatin) |
Ribosomes | Produce proteins |
Histone proteins | Increases surface area and allows for reading of any section (chromatin) |
Organelles | Nucleus, mitochondria, e.r, chloroplast, golgi, vacuole, lysosome; make cell efficient by adding a membrane |
Histone proteins | Increases surface area and allows for reading of any section (chromatin) |
All cells have | Dna, ribosomes, cell membrane, cytosol (liquid that all chemical reactions and cell components are suspended in) |
Endomembrane system | Regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell; made of phospholipids |
Efficiency | High surface area to volume ratio (small cells) |
Endomembrane system | Regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell; made of phospholipids |
Why are cells different? | They make different proteins in ribosomes |
Endomembrane system | Regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell; made of phospholipids |
How do organelles make cells efficient | Make cells efficient by adding membrane |
(structure) phospholipid bilayer/plasma membrane | Phosphate (polar) lipid (nonpolar) |
Endomembrane system | Regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell; made of phospholipids |
Endomembrane system | Regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell; made of phospholipids |
(function) selectively permeable | Allows passage of certain molecules based on structure (oxygen, nutrients, waste) |
Isn't connect; free to move | Phospholipid bilayer |
Endomembrane system | Regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell; made of phospholipids |
Protein channel | Types of protein channels determines what it lets in; makes more protein channels if it needs to |
Endomembrane system | Regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell; made of phospholipids |
Water | Holds cell membrane (phospholipid bilayer) together |
Endomembrane system | Regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell; made of phospholipids |
Endomembrane system | Regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell; made of phospholipids |
Plasma membrane (phospholipid bilayer) | Selectively permeable |
Nucleus | Genetic instructions are housed here (DNA) |
Endomembrane system | Regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell; made of phospholipids |
Endomembrane system | Regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell; made of phospholipids |
Ribosomes (not an organelle) | Produce proteins in cytosol (free) or the outside of the ER or nuclear envelope (bound) |
Endomembrane system | Regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell; made of phospholipids |
Mitochondria | Releases energy (atp) after taking in sugar; change energy from one form to another; has 2 membrane to increase surface area (increase efficiency) |
Endomembrane system | Regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell; made of phospholipids |
Chloroplasts | Photosynthesis/store energy; change energy from one form to another |
Golgi | Package and modify (may add molecules to make final functional state) |
Endomembrane system | Regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell; made of phospholipids |
Vacuoles | Storage; large vesicles derived from ER and golgi; budd off proteins; made up of phospholipids |
Lysosomes | Contains hydrolytic enzymes for breaking down substances (macromolecules) |
Endomembrane system | Regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell; made of phospholipids |
Endomembrane system | Regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell; made of phospholipids |
Centrioles | Needed for mitosis/meiosis |
Cell fractionation | Takes cells apart and separates the major organelles from one another; enables scientists to determine functions of organelles |
Endomembrane system | Regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell; made of phospholipids |
Endomembrane system | Regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell; made of phospholipids |
Blood (top to bottom) | Plasma (water, ions, sugar, CO2) White blood cell Red Blood Cell (most dense) |
Vacuoles | Large vesicles derived from ER and Golgi |
Where is gravity on the space station? | On the outside |
Vacuoles | Large vesicles derived from ER and Golgi |
What do phospholipids selectively choose? (property) | First big or small (small) small: oxygen, co2, water, salt big: sugar, hormones, proteins, amino acids big molecules use protein channel NONPOLAR HYDROPHOBIC can pass through |
Why are plant cells efficient? | Plant cells have no surface area in vacuole |
Not membrane bound | Ribosome |
Types of domains | Prokaryote vs. eukaryote |
Types of kingdoms | Animal, plant, archaebacteria, eubacteria, fungi, protist |
Identifying using microscopes | Look for ones by themselves |
Staphylo | Clump |
Chain | Strepto |
Circles | Cocci |
Rods | Bicillis |
Histone proteins | Increases surface area and allows for reading of any section (chromatin) |
Free ribosomes | Freely float around in cytosol |
Attached ribosomes | Bound to outside of endoplasmic reticulum or nuclear envelope |
Endomembrane system (similar to essay) | Creates modifies and transports proteins; made of phospholipids; nucleus, er, golgi, lysosome, vacuole, vesicles, plasma membrane |
Spirillum (prokaryote-bacteria) | Https://live.staticflickr.com/7017/6414379075_e55179fcee_t.jpg |
Bacillus (prokaryote-bacteria) | Https://live.staticflickr.com/6101/6414374677_86b1c87604_t.jpg |
Cocci (prokaryote-bacteria) | Https://live.staticflickr.com/4561/37952049155_4d7c4d9244_t.jpg |
Smooth ER | Makes lipids (hydrophobic) |
Rough ER | Has ribosomes on the surface; makes proteins (hydrophilic) |
Litic | To break down |
Amoeba (eukaryote-protist) | Https://live.staticflickr.com/2658/4098743813_09ab6d44f6_t.jpg |
Glycoprotein | (cell ID) identifies; ex: bacteria cells don't have same ___ as your cell |
Paramecium (eukaryote-protist) | Https://live.staticflickr.com/5149/5689797940_88675f19a3_t.jpg |
Microfilament (support beams) | Structural; flexible; gives cells shape |
Euglena (eukaryote-protist) | Https://live.staticflickr.com/5337/8999902391_dbe29c4e71_t.jpg |
Microtubules | Hollow tubes; thicker; transports things (motor proteins walk on it) |
Spirogyra (eukaryote-protist) | Https://live.staticflickr.com/4047/4674687677_c009809dfa_t.jpg |
Yeast (eukaryotic-fungi) | Https://live.staticflickr.com/5105/5581057587_8657583227_t.jpg |
Open end | Uglena |
Cillia | Paramecium |
Cheek (eukaryotic-animal) | Https://live.staticflickr.com/1735/42025589824_2e534d794f_t.jpg |
Vacuoles | Storage; pump excess water out of the cells (contractile-freshwater protists); hold organic compounds and water (central) |
Potato (eukaryotic-plants) | Https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/50859893903_183d6b1f69_t.jpg |
Cell wall | Found in plants and prokaryotes; protects, maintains shape, prevents excess water uptake |
Onion (eukaryotic-plants) | Https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/50860608091_ae853413ac_t.jpg |
Extracellular matrix | Environment outside of the cell |
Elodea (eukaryotic-plant) | Https://c1.staticflickr.com/9/8036/7980690405_01b4d965ac_t.jpg |
Plasmodesmata | Plants; connects cytoplasm |
Tight | Keeps something inside; prevents leakage of extracellular fluid (epithelial tissues that line organs); force things (bladder) |
Desmosomes | Hold tissues together (skin, heart, muscles); things can freely pass through |
Vesicle | Membrane bound sack that stores and transports substances |
Vacuoles | Large vesicles derived from ER and Golgi |