Blood and disorders
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Blood and disorders - Leaderboard
Blood and disorders - Details
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115 questions
| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| What is the best description of anaemia | Dysfunctional or lack of red blood cells |
| A person with A blood group has | Antigen A in their red blood cells and Antibody B in their plasma |
| What is the function of Leukocytes | To defend against virus's, bacteria etc |
| Haemostasis usually takes | 4-6 minutes |
| 4 steps of haemostasis? | Vasoconstriction Platelet Plug formation Coagulation Fibrinolysis |
| Where are blood cells formed? | Bone marrow |
| Main function of erythrocytes | To carry oxygen |
| What is blood comprised of | Erythrocytes, leukocytes, plasma and platelets |
| Functions of blood | Transport, protection and regulation |
| Someone with o- blood can get? | Only o- blood |
| What is thalassemia | Less haemoglobin and red blood cells in the blood |
| What is aplastic anaemia | Depression of RBC due to destruction of the bone marrow |
| What is leukopenia? | Abnormally low leucocyte levels |
| What is leukaemia | Cancerous bone marrow making too many WBC and makes abnormal WBC, RBC and platelets |
| What is thrombocytopenia? | Low thrombocytes/platelet levels |
| A person with AB blood has? | Antigen A and antigen B on their red blood cells and no antibodies |
| What is haemoglobin | It is a protein found in red blood cells that binds with oxygen |
| The purpose of the atrioventricular valves is to | To prevent backflow into the atria when the ventricles contract |
| A total blockage of blood in a coronary artery will result in | A myocardial infarction |
| What is an embolus | Anything that travels through a blood vessel until it reaches a vessel that is too small to let it pass |
| Why does oxygen moved from the alveoli into the blood | Because of passive transport, higher concentration in the alveoli and lower concentration in the blood |
| Angina is | Chest pain due to not enough blood flow to the myocardium |
| What is an aneurysm | A bulging sac in a blood vessel wall |
| What is Atherosclerosis | The presence of fatty plaques in the arteries |
| Arteriosclerosis | Degeneration of the arterial wall due to ageing |
| Arteries are | Vessels that transport blood away from the heart |
| The best description of a thrombus is | A blood clot |
| What is a pulmonary embolus | A blockage to a pulmonary artery |
| What is Deep vein thrombosis and what can it cause if left untreated | Blood clot develops in a vein deep within the body and can lead to a pulmonary embolus |
| What is Ischaemic Heart Disease | When the heart is not getting enough blood/oxygen |
| What is Atrial fibrillation | Atria quiver instead of contracting which causes ventricles to contract (HR) irregularly between 100-180bpm |
| What is Ventricular fibrillation | Rapid quivering of ventricles without ejecting blood, symptoms could include no pulse, BP or respirations or be unresponsive |
| What is Heart block | Occurs when the electrical signal that controls the heartbeat is partially or completely blocked from reaching the ventricles |
| What is heart failure | Chronic condition which occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body |
| What are Varicose veins | Veins become twisted and dilated from pooling of blood |
| Tachypnoea is | Abnormally rapid breathing |
| What initiates the stimulation to breathe? | Increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood |
| What is bronchitis | Inflammation of the bronchi |
| What can Pulmonary oedema be caused by | Failure of the left ventricle of the heart |
| What happens to the body during inspiration | Contraction of the external intercostal muscles and contraction of the diaphragm |
| What is Haemoptysis? | Coughing up blood |
| What is the pleura | Two-layered serous membrane covering the outer surface of lungs |
| 3 events in respiration | Pulmonary ventilation, external respiration and internal respiration |
| What is pulmonary ventilation | Bringing o2 into alveoli and co2 leaving alveoli |
| What is external respiration | Exchange of gases between alveoli and blood |
| What is internal respiration | Exchange of gases between blood in capillaries and body cells |
| What body part controls breathing | Medulla and pons in the brain steam |
| What is Pulmonary Tuberculosis | Infectious bacterial infection that causes destruction of lung tissue |
| What is emphysema | Disease of the alveoli |
| To commence an action potential, the nerve axon must become permeable to | Sodium and potassium |
| The neurotransmitter that stimulates muscle cells is | Acetylcholine |
| Signs and symptoms of Parkinson’s disease | Tremor, bradykinesia, muscle rigidity |
| CSF fluid circulates within the | Ventricles of the brain |
| The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system causes | Increased HR, increased RR, increased BP, decreased digestion eg fight/flight |
| Where to afferent pathways go? | To the brain |
| Multiple sclerosis is a disorder that causes what? | Destruction of the myelin sheaths |
| What is neuropathy? | Damage to or disease affecting nerve function |
| 2 divisions of the nervous system | CNS and PNS (peripheral nervous system) |
| 4 regions of the brain | Cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon and brain stem |
| 4 parts of the cerebrum | Frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital |
| 3 parts of the diencephalon | Thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus (the trithalamus') |
| 3 parts of the brain stem | Midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata |
| How many layers are in the meninges | 3, dura mater (outer), arachnoid mater (middle) and pia mater (inner) |
| 2 ANS subdivisions | Sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (relaxation) |
| What is encephalitis | Inflammation of the brain tissue |
| Meningitis is mainly caused by? | A bacteria |
| 2 types of stokes and what are they caused by | Ischaemic (blocked artery) and hemorrhagic (bleed in brain) |
| What is a TIA | Transient ischaemic attack |
| What is a seizure | Is abnormal brain activity |
| What causes Parkinson's disease | Low dopamine levels |
| What is ICP | Increased intracranial pressure |
| What is Haematemesis | Vomiting up blood |
| The release of food from the stomach into the small intestine is regulated by the what? | Pyloric sphincter |
| What does G.O.R.D stand for | Gastro oesophageal reflux disease |
| Where is bile produces and stored? | Produced in the liver and store in the gall bladder |
| What is amylase? | An enzyme that breaks down carbs |
| Where does food pass through to enter the stomach? | The lower oesophageal or cardiac sphincter |
| 3 parts of the small intestine | Duodenum, jejumun, illeum |
| Where does the most of absorption take place? | In the jejunum |
| 5 parts of the large intestine? | Caecum, ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid |
| What's the main function of the pancreas | To produce digestive enzymes |
| What's the main function of the gallbladder? | Stores and concentrates bile |
| What is protease? | An enzyme that breaks down protein |
| What breaks down fats | Lipase |
| What is metabolism | Chemical reactions necessary to human life |
| What is catabolism | Substances are broken down to smaller substances |
| What is anabolism | Smaller substances are built up into larger molecules |
| What is gastroenteritis | Inflammation of both stomach and intestines |
| 3 causes of constipation | Immobility (sedentary life style), dehydration, lack of fibre and medications |
| What is ulcerative colitis? | Chronic inflammation of lining of colon |