chapter 7, 9, 10 flashcards
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chapter 7, 9, 10 flashcards - Leaderboard
chapter 7, 9, 10 flashcards - Details
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Microorganisms | Tiny (usually microscopic) entities capable of carrying on living process. |
| Infection prevention & control | Policies to minimize spread of heath care associated/community acquired infections. |
| Medical asepsis | Techniques that prevent growth & transmission of pathogenic organisms. |
| Clean technique | Medical asepsis |
| Surgical asepsis | Techniques that destroy all microorganisms and spores. |
| Sterile technique | Surgical asepsis |
| Disinfection | Use of chemicals that can be applied to stuff to destroy microorganisms. |
| Antiseptic | Prevent growth and reproduction of microorganisms, can be used on humans. |
| Spore | A round body formed by bacteria. forms as big as bacteria cell then takes that cell over. |
| Reservoir | Natural habitat of any microorganism that promotes growth &reproduction. |
| Carrier/vector | Person/animal that doesn't become ill but carries and spreads an organism, causing disease in others. |
| Contaminated vehicle | How microorganisms are carried & transported to next host, once left the reservoir. |
| Contamination | Condition of being soiled, stained, touched/exposed by harmful agents. makes an object potentially unsafe for use. |
| Fomite | A vehicle that is an inanimate (nonliving) object. |
| Host | Organism where another organism is nourished and harbored. |
| Healthcare associated infection | (nosocomial infections) infections patients get while at a health care facility. |
| Virulent | Exceedingly pathogenic |
| Exogenous | Growing outside the body |
| Endogenous | Growing inside the body |
| Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) studies | US Dept. of Health & Human Services provide facilities for investigation, prevention, and control of disease. |
| Standard precautions when someone is infected | Accurate identification of all patients involved, "universal precautions" & "body substance isolation" |
| Standard precautions | Hand hygiene, gloves, masks, eye protection & gowns. |
| Isolation transmission categories | Airborne, droplet, contact |
| Sterilization | Methods used to kill all microorganisms, including spores. |
| Asepsis | Absence of pathogenic organisms |
| Pathogenic | Of a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism causing disease |
| Nonpathogenic microorganisms | Harmless (do not produce disease) |
| Pathogenic microorganisms | Cause disease/infection |
| Infection chain of events | INFECTIOUS AGENTS (microorganisms) > RESIRVIOR (infected individual) > EXIT ROUTE (blood, secretion, urine) > METHOD OF TRANSMISSION (hands, food, air, needle) > ENTRANCE (mouth, cut) > HOST (person) > |
| Virus | Smallest known agents that cause disease (DNA/RNA) |
| Fungi | Most plentiful forms of life. most common disease found in humans. (some harmless) most frequently involve skin, hair and nails. |
| Protozoa | Single celled animals existing everywhere in nature, responsible for malaria, ambeic dysentery, and African sleeping sickness. |
| Measures to reduce reservoirs of infectioin | Bathing, dressing changes, discard of contaminated needles, beside kept clean and dry, bottled solutions stored properly, surgical wounds maintained, drainage bottles and bags disposed of. |
| Localized infectious process | (symptoms such as pain/tenderness) infection in one spot of the body. proper care helps control and maintain spread, minimize illness. |
| Systemic infectious process | Affects the entire body, potential to be fatal. use antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals. minimize spread. |
| Stages of infectious process | Incubation, prodromal, acute, convalescence |
| Inflammatory response | Neutralizes & eliminates pathogens, body's way of repairing calls & tissues. |
| Signs of inlammation | Redness, pain, swelling, heat, loss of function. |
| Viruses are not killed by what | Antibiotics |
| Infection control nurse | Educate patients about infection and techniques to control the spread. |
| Occupational health services | Take control of the infection and measures to protect health care worker, such as Hep B vaccine availability, |
| Static | That which cannot move or grow |
| Most common type of HAI | MRSA (staphylococcus aureus) |
| Static | That which cannot move or grow |
| Static | That which cannot move or grow |
| Portal of exit | Microorganism needs a portal of exit to escape from the reservoir |
| Portal of entrance | Once a microorganism has left the reservoir it needs a portal of entrance to enter the new host |
| Hygiene | (principles of health) skin, hair, hands, feet, eyes, ears, mouth, back and perineum. |
| Personal hygiene | Self-care measures a person takes to maintain health and prevent disease. |
| High fowlers (bed position) | 45 degrees or more (up to 90) |
| When is high fowlers used | Eating or drinking to prevent aspiration. |
| Semi-fowlers (bed position) | 30 degrees. |
| When is semi-fowlers used | For patients who cant tolerate high fowlers or after lumbar puncture. |
| Trendelenburg's (bed position) | Bed tilted downward at the foot of the bed. |
| When is trendelenburg's used | Removal of secretions with drainage, dilatation of vessels for central line. |
| Reverse trendelenburg's (bed position) | Bed tilted downward at the head of the bed. |
| When is reverse trendelenburg's used | Not commonly used, promotes gastric emptying. |
| Flat (bed position) | Entire bed frame parallel with floor. |
| When is flat position used | Vertebral injuries, immediately after lumbar puncture, cervical traction, preferred for sleeping. |
| Vertigo | Dizziness |
| Syncope | Fainting |
| Range of motion (ROM) | Normal movement that any joint is capable of making. |
| Umbilicus | Bellybutton |
| Supine | Laying face up position in bed |
| Sims position | Side-lying |
| Prone | Lying face-down |
| Febrile | Elevated body temperature |
| Pressure injury/pressure ulcer | Ulcerated skin from unrelieved pressure, shearing force or friction. |
| Shearing force | When skin tissue sides on each other, causing blood vessels to kink or stretch resulting in interruption of blood flow. |
| Friction | Rubbing of skin against another surface which can remove layers of tissue |
| Pressure injury stages | 1, 2, 3, 4. unstageable/unclassified. suspected deep tissue injury. |
| Stage 1 pressure injury | Usually on a bony prominence intact with redness. difficult to detect in patients with dark tones. |
| Stage 2 pressure injury | Shallow open injury, shiny or dry, with red-pink wound bed. |
| Stage 3 pressure injury | Full thickness skin tissue loss, fat sometimes visible. |
| Stage 4 pressure injury | Full skin loss with exposed bone, tendon, cartilage, or muscle. |
| Unstageable/unclassified pressure injury | True depth of injury cannot be determined. |
| Vasodilation | Dilation of blood vessels (can be caused by heat) |
| Vasoconstriction | Narrowing of blood vessels (can be caused by cold) |
| Oral hygiene | Care of the mouth |
| Dentures | Artificial teeth |
| Perineal care | Care of genitals |
| Circumorbitial | Circular area around the eyes |
| Cerumen | Wax |
| Bedpan | Device to receive urine/feces from patients bed bound |
| Urinal | Collecting urine from male patients, also available for women |
| Canthus | Corner of eye |
| Sentinel event | Any unexpected event involving death, serious physical injury or the risk of them. |
| Safety reminder device (SRD) | Numerous devices used to immobilize patient or part of their body. |
| Elopement | Leaving the health care facility without permission or supervision. |
| Hazard Communication Act of OSHA | Provides guidelines to help reduce safety hazards in the workplace. |
| RACE | Rescue patients Sound alarm Confine the fire Extinguish/Evacuate |
| PASS (fire extinguisher) | Pull the pin Aim low Squeeze handle Sweep the unit |
| Disaster situation | Uncontrollable, unexpected, shocking event that is unique and likely to have impact on numerous health care facilities. |
| Disaster manual | Specifies chain of command, assignment procedure, responsibilities, patient evac procedure and routes, |
| Terrorism | Violent/dangerous act used to intimidate or coerce a person or government to further political agenda |
| Bioterrorism | Use of biologic agents to create fear and threaten. |
| Endemic | Expected or normal incidence occurring naturally to a specific area. |
| Epidemic | Emerges rapidly at an uncharacteristic time or unusual pattern |
| Poison | Any substance that is dangerous to your body when eaten, inhaled, injected or absorbed |