| What is the canon? | From the Hebrew-Greek word "cane", meaning- measuring rod, passed onto christian to mean the "norm" or "rule of faith". It was first referenced in the 4th century as the definite, authoritative nature of the body of sacred scripture.
The canon are agreed upon exemplars put in place by important people. |
| Name, date and notes | The German Pavilion, Ludvig Mies van der Rohe, Barcelona Expo, 1929
-mies van de Rohe was a part of bauhaus
- revolutionary design as it gave a new understanding to form and open spaces and the way we shape space.
-he created walls of expensive materials he created open space and free flow of form
-flat roof and steel and glass- contemporary materials
-1929 was up only a year
-to some is considered one of the first pieces of modern architecture |
| Name, date and notes | Norman Foster
30th St Mary Axe (the Gherkin), London 2003
-considered a star-architect but didn't design this building
-very noticeable in London's skyline |
| Name, date and notes | Daniel Libeskind
-Jewish Museum, Germany- 2001
-he does lots of museums
-his architecture is deconstructionism, and very experimental with light and shade
-his architecture evoked emotions |
| Name, date and notes | Frank Llyod Wright
Robie House, Chicago, 1910
-very revolutionary for his time as it was in the victorian period where houses were very tall and high and ornate with pitched roofs, but his house changed as he knew automobiles and roads would change housing so he flipped the house (back oriented)
-he was about horizontality, the elongation rather than the verticality
-Japanese inspiration with the overhanging roofs
-the way he interpreted how people used rooms, he opened up space
-Japanese influence: the hearth of the home, so he based the footprint of the home around the fireplace which was very innovating for his time
-prairie school of design |
| What is FORMALISM? | Formalism describes the critical position that the most important aspect of a work of art or architecture is its FORM- the way it is made and its visual aspects. |
| What are the architectural orders? | they all come from Greece and usually, the capitals differ each order from one another, they form the classical period
DORIC-very typical for greek buildings
IONIC
CORINTHIAN |
| Explain the doric order | Comes from the Dorian people.
-the capital is very flat and unornamented, the flutes on the shaft are very shallow and spread apart
-this column was based on the male body |
| Name, date and notes | Parthenon, Acropolis Greece, 447 BC
-doric order
-the columns are shifted in order to look straight from a perspective when in reality they are not |
| Explain the ionic order | Comes from the Ionian people
-the column is more feminine than the Doric column
-the capital has a volute, the flutes are deeper and there are more of them |
| Name, date and notes | Temple of Athena Nike, Acropolis, Greece, 427 BC
-ionic order |
| Explain the Corinthian order? | comes from the corinthian people,
-they have the most ornated capital, and the shaft has the skinniest and most of the flutes
-based around the acanthus leaf |
| Name, date and notes | Temple of Olympian Zeus, Greece, 131AD
-has the corinthian order |
| What is a style? | Styles are characterized by the features that make a building or other structure notable or historically identifiable. a style may include elements such as form, method of construction, and regional character. they are not static or homogenous but rather a complex combination of old and new forms. they emerge from the history of a society |
| Name, date and notes | Santiago de Compostela Cathedral, Spain, 1211
-Romanesque style (used strong stone features)
-first example of the romanesque style |
| Name, date and notes | Reims Cathedral, France, 1200-1300
-gothic style (verticality, flying buttresses, extreme ornamentation, rossette windows, arches) |
| Name, date and notes | Church of Gesu, Rome, 1580
-baroque period (Reaction to gothic), it was asymmetrical, ornate decoration |
| Name, date and notes | Altes Museum (old museum), Berlin, 1823-1830
-neo-classicism (a return to classicism)
-reaction to baroque (ornamented buildings) to something more simply, orderly and mathematically correct.
-holds greek and roman antiques
-looks like the Parthenon but instead has ionic columns |
| Name, date and notes | Grand Central Terminal, New York, 1913
-Beaux-arts (reaction to neoclassical using ornamentation)
-melding between the neoclassical columns and roman arches with ornamentation |
| Name, date and notes | Metro subway station, Paris, Hector Guimard, 1900
-art nouveau (was primary in Belgium and France)
-reaction to Neoclassicism, it doesn't look at form and structure but rather at nature (everything was green, columns look like trees, and they have organic forms) |
| Name, date and notes | Theatre des Champs- Elysees, Paris, 1913
-Art-deco style
-a reaction to art nouveau
-return to something geometric |
| Name, date and notes | Bauhaus, Germany, Walter Gropius, 1925
-the only design school in Germany |
| Name, date and notes | Weissenhof- Siedlung House (housing in Stuttgart) Germany, Le Corbusier, 1927
-Modern style
-reinforced concrete, simplified forms, flat roofs, and zero ornamentation |
| Name, date and notes | Portland Building, Oregon- USA, Micheal Graves, 1982
-reaction to modernism- post-modernism style
-architecture was used in a humorous way by mocking the modernism |
| Name, date and notes | Parc de la Villette, Paris, Bernard Tschumi, 1984-87
-deconstructivism style (Zaha Hadid, Frenk Gehry)
-based on philosophy |
| what is a paradigm shift? | that is an important change that happens when the usual way of thinking about or doing something is replaced by a new and different way
-example is Fordism (industrial revolution); how we organise space to achieve efficiency, happened in the 1900's |
