| Who introduced Subsidiary Alliance? | Lord Wellesley |
| Who introduced the Doctrine of Lapse? | Lord Dalhousie |
| What is the policy of expansion? | It is the British policy of territorial expansion and gradual annexation of the native Indian States. |
| Explain the four points under policy of expansion. | Policy of expansion:
(i) Outright Wars
(ii) Subsidiary Alliance - bringing Indian states under British control without actually annexing them.
The Indian rulers who entered into this alliance would:
•Accept the British as their supreme power.
•Surrender all their alliances to the East India Company and not enter into any alliance and wage wars
•Would allow one British Resident to reside at their headquarters and would not employ any other European without the consent of the British
•Would maintain the British troops at their own cost
•Virtually lost their independence
(iii) Doctrine of Lapse - If a ruler died without a male heir to the kingdom, the kingdom would lapse and would come under the rule of the British.
Major states annexed due to this: Jhansi, Satara, Nagpur.
(iv) On the pretext of alleged misrule: Annexing a kingdom with the excuse of it being misgoverned.
Major states annexed due to this: Awadh
After annexing Awadh: people had to pay more taxes, many nobles and soldiers were out of a job, zamindars and talukdars were affected. |
| Who announced that the successors of Bahadur Shah Zafar will no longer be permitted to use the Red Fort as their residence? | Lord Dalhousie. |
| Who announced that the successors of Bahadur Shah Zafar will no longer be permitted to use imperial titles with their names? | Lord Canning. |
| Who was the adopted son of Baji Rao II? | Nana Saheb. |
| Explain absentee sovereignty. | Indians did not like this concept.
India was being ruled by the British Government from England, thousands of miles away from India.
The revenues collected in India were spent in Britain. So, the taxes paid were not for the welfare of the Indians. |
| List all the socio-religious causes. | •Interference in social customs - British did not take the feelings of Indians into mind.
•Activities of Missionaries - British denounced idol worship.
•Oppression of the poor
•Policy of racial discrimination - British officials were rudue and arrogant to common Indians.
•Corruption in the Administration
•Taxing religious places - Previous rulers exempted these places from taxes.
•Apprehension about modern innovations - There were rumours that the telegraph poles were being used to hang those who didn't agree with the British.
•Fears regarding western education - Indians thought that the institutions encouraged their students to become Christians.
•Changing the Hindu Law of Property - A convert from Hinduism can still inherit the property of their father. This might encourage people to convert their religion. |
| Elaborate on the economic causes. | 1. Exploitation of economic resources
2. Drain of wealth
3. Decay of cottage industries and handicraft
4. Economic decline of peasantry
5. Growing Unemployment
6. Poverty and famines
7. Decline of Landed Aristocracy
8. Inhuman treatment of Indigo cultivators |
| List the military causes. | 1. Ill-treatment of Indian soldiers
2. General Service Enlistment Act
3. Bleak Prospects of promotions
4. Deprivation of allowances
5. Lower salaries
6. Faulty distribution of troops
7. Poor performance of British troops
8. Larger proportion of Indians in the British Army |
