| Pseudomonas | - gram-negative aerobes
- motile rods; polar flagella
- psychrotrophic
- found widely in environment
- spoil refrigerated fresh meats and vegetables |
| Xanthomonas | - gram-negative aerobes
- motile rods, polar flagellum
- plant pathogens
- spoil fruits and vegetables
- pseudoplastic |
| Xanthomonas examples | - Xanthomonas campestris produce xanthan gum - Xanthomonas axonopus: black spots on mangoes - Xanthomonas spp |
| Acetobacter | - gram-negative aerobes
- motile or non-motile rods
- mesophilic
- widely distributed in plants
- spoil alcoholic beverages and fruit juices |
| Acetobacter examples | - Acetobacter aceti oxidizes ethanol to acetic acid |
| Alcaligenes | - gram-negative aerobes
- motile; 4 to 8 peritrichous flagella
- rods or coccobacilli
- mesophilic; optimum growth at 20-37 C
- present in water, soil, fecal material
- spoil protein rich foods (milk, poultry, red meats) |
| Alteromonas | - gram-negative aerobes
- motile rods
- strict aerobe
- psychrotrophic
- found in marine and coastal waters
- need 100mM NaCl for growth
- spoil fish and other meats |
| Flavobacterium | - gram-negative aerobes
- nonmotile rods
- yellow to red pigments on agar medi
- some mesotrophs, other are psychrotrophs
- spoil refrigerated meats, milk, other protein foods |
| Acinetobacter | - gram-negative aerobes
- motile rods
- spoilage
- strict aerobes
- twitching motility
- widely distributed in soils and water
- psychrotrophic |
| Psychrobacter | - gram-negative aerobes
- non-motile coccobacilli, usually in pairs
- psychrotrophic
- growth at 5 C, optimal 20 C, no growth at 35 C
- spoil fish, red meats, and poultry products |
| Brucella | - gram-negative aerobes
- non motile coccobacilli
- mostly single
- mesophilic, optimal growth at 37 C
- different species cause disease in animals and human pathogens
- implicated in foodborne brucellosis |
| Campylobacter | - gram-negative aerobes
- spirally curved rods, motile
- single polar flagellum (1 or 2)
- microaerophilic
- in intestinal tract of humans, animals, birds
- typ with unpasteurized milk, undercooked poultry food disease outbreaks |
