| Citrobacter | - gram negative facultative anaerobes
- rods, usually motile
- mesophilic
- found in the intestinal tract of humans, animals, and birds; in the environment
- coliform; indicator organism |
| Escherichia | - gram negative facultative anaerobes
- motile or nonmotile rods
- mesophilic
- found in intestinal tract of humans, warm blooded animals, birds; environment
- many strains non-pathogenic
- some pathogenic to people and animals
- coliform; indicator organism |
| Enterobacter | - gram negative facultative anaerobes
- motile rods
- mesophile
- in the intestinal tract of humans, animals, and birds
- coliform; indicator organsim |
| Klebsiella | - gram negative facultative anaerobes
- motile, capsulated rods
- mesophile
- found in intestinal tract of humans, animals, and birds; soil water, and grains
- coliform; indicator organsim |
| Hafnia | - gram negative facultative anaerobes
- motile rods
- mesophilic
- found in intestinal tract of humans, animals, birds; in the environment
- cause spoilage of refrigerated meats and vegetable products |
| Salmonella | - gram negative facultative anaerobes
- typ. motile rods,
- mesophilic
- > 2000 serovars
- human pathogens
- in intestinal tract of humans, animals, birds, insects
- major cause of foodborne disease |
| Shigella | - gram negative facultative anaerobes
- nonmotile rods
- mesophilic
- in intestinal tract of humans and primates
- human pathogen
- associated with foodborne disease |
| Proteus | - gram negative facultative anaerobes
- motile rods
- swarming on agar media
- peritrichous flagella
- mesophilic, some are psychrotrophic
- found in intestinal tract of humans and animals, and in the environment
- many involved in food spoilage |
| Yersinia | - gram negative facultative anaerobes
- motile and non motile rods
- psychrotrophic (can grow at 1 C)
- found in the intestinal tract of animals
- associated with foodborne disease |
| Serratia | - gram negative facultative anaerobes
- motile pink rods
- form pink or red colonies on agar media
- occur in the environment
- some can grow at refrigerator temperatures
- food spoilage organism |
| Vibrio | - gram negative facultative anaerobes
- motile curved rods
- mesophilic
- found in fresh water and marine environments
- some species req. NaCl for growth
- some species are human pathogens
- some cause food spoilage (Vibrio alginolyticus) |
| Vibrio examples | - human pathogens: Vibrio cholerae, V. parahemolyticus, V. vulnificusd - food spoilage: V. alginolyticus |
| Aeromonas | - gram negative facultative anaerobes
- motile rods
- psychrotrophic
- large amount of gas produced from sugars
- found in intestinal tract of fish
- some are fish pathogens |
| Aeromonas examples | - Aeromonas hydrophiliaI: foodborne pathogen |
| Plesiomonas | - gram negative facultative anaerobes
- motile rods
- pathogen
- mesophilic
- found in surface water, soil, fresh water fish, aquatic animals
- more prevalent during warmer seasons |
| Plesiomonas example | - foodborne pathogen: Plesiomonas shigelloides |
