What are tumor markers of testicular neoplasms?

➢ Secreted by germ cell tumors ➢ Are helpful diagnostically and very valuable in following the response of tumors to therapy after the diagnosis ➢ HCG is always elevated in patients with choriocarcinoma and may be minimally elevated in individuals with other germ cell tumors containing syncytiotrophoblastic cells (seminoma) ➢ Increased AFP in the setting of a testicular neoplasm indicates a yolk sac tumor component ➢ The levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) correlate with the tumor burden