DYB114 Spatial Histories

The annunciation triptych- Robert Campin, 1428 (Medieval period) -showing a biblical story -shown how people inhabited spaces in those times: people commonly sat on the ground

Three Graces (Greco Roman period) -very typical for this time -not completely naturally depicted -primarly a pagan time period (polytheistic)

Three Graces (Medieval period) -very religious period (god is all-knowing all being) -believed that man and women could not understand the world, so everything that we did was to support religion and god. -they are not nude, as they are shameful -not naturalistic and realistic -side profile (passive) because they have no power or authority

Three Graces (Renaissance period) -birth of man and women and that man had the ability to reason -questioning man and religion and God -return to realism

Three Graces (Contemporary) -very abstract and conceptual

Red Robin Diner, 1930's -Art Deco, Streamline Modern -metalic materiality, red speed strips denoting travel and speed of that time -social-cultural context: it was after WW1 and a lot of women had to go work so they could not cook so families went to diners, but before that diners were only inhabited by men because it was believed it wasn't ladylike for women to sit on the swirl stools -an introduction of the booth

Le Corbusier (1886-1965) -star-architect -Modular Man- depiction of male for in the built environment -gifted cubist painter

Villa Savoye, Le Corbusier, 1928-31 -hallmark of the beginnings of modern architecture -use of white concrete, plain facade and rectilinear- characteristics of modernism -5 points of architecture (designing a house as a machine for living) -

Villa Savoye Kitchen -industrial and simple

Eileen Gray (1878-1976) -designer and architect -opened a studio "Jean Desert"

E 1027 House, Eileen Gray, 1926-29, France - similar to Villa Savoye

Le Cabanon -where Le Corbusier died

Pruitt- Igoe, 1950's, St Louis-America -33 towers with 11 stories each for primarily African-American people -less than 20 years later (1972), came "The Death of Modernism" because it was public housing that went wrong -"skip and stop elevators"- were used to cut costs, they would stop on the 1,4,7 and 10th floor, which meant others had to walk

Model of Insula, 64AD, Roman period -apartment block -plumbing only went up to the 3rd level so the poor lived on the higher levels -because there were lots of fires, safety codes were then developed -

Bauhaus (1919-1933) -table lamp -famous design school in the world

Nauhaus Workshop Building- Walter Gropius -flat roof, modern materials, and rectilinear facade

Bauhaus student apartment, Walter Gropius

Nmae, date and notes

Vitruvius man- Leonardo Da Vinci -Italian renaissance (1450-1660) -similar to le Corbusiers Modular Man -talks about the scale of the human body

Name date and notes

Villa Barbaro, Andrea Palladio, Italy, 1560-1570 -renaissance was about symmetry -long vistas gave a sense of power -in the interior they would fake the symmetry, so they would paint for example a door if there was no door on the other side

Palazzo Ducale -Renaissance period -typology of space,Studiolo: the mans office -everything is an illusion of symmetry -ornamentation in renaissance becomes power

-Karmin Rashid; garbo -his work is about consumption -he uses recycled plastics -mainly does commercial design

NHow, berlin 2010 -Karmin Rashid -blobyism -his work has visual consumption

MyHotel concept room, Brighton -Karmin Rashid

My Pad Paddington room concept -Karmin Rashid

Nam4e, date and notes

Shakers -1760- present "singing meeting" - new Lebanon village -Christian sect, migrated from England -men and women were separated -all men and women dressed the same -no electricity, they live of the land

Shaker village/ urban planning -Alred village -all of their towns looked the same as they were dictated how they would look -white buildings for gathering, red for working -Canterbury Village

Retiring room in Shakers -one hanger, it was known what items you were allowed to have -everything is given up, and you get one drawer because they were anti-consumers

Name, date and time

Shaker cemetery in Hardvard Village -they die as equals hence the same headstone.

Vietnam war memorial, Washington, 1982 -maya Lin

Australian National Institute for Aboriginal and Torres straight Islander Studies, Canberra ARM -takes motif from Le Corbusier's Villa Savoye -postmodernism style

ARCHIGRAM -living pod

What is the canon?

From the Hebrew-Greek word "cane", meaning- measuring rod, passed onto christian to mean the "norm" or "rule of faith". It was first referenced in the 4th century as the definite, authoritative nature of the body of sacred scripture. The canon are agreed upon exemplars put in place by important people.

The German Pavilion, Ludvig Mies van der Rohe, Barcelona Expo, 1929 -mies van de Rohe was a part of bauhaus - revolutionary design as it gave a new understanding to form and open spaces and the way we shape space. -he created walls of expensive materials he created open space and free flow of form -flat roof and steel and glass- contemporary materials -1929 was up only a year -to some is considered one of the first pieces of modern architecture

Norman Foster 30th St Mary Axe (the Gherkin), London 2003 -considered a star-architect but didn't design this building -very noticeable in London's skyline

Daniel Libeskind -Jewish Museum, Germany- 2001 -he does lots of museums -his architecture is deconstructionism, and very experimental with light and shade -his architecture evoked emotions

What are the architectural orders?

Frank Llyod Wright Robie House, Chicago, 1910 -very revolutionary for his time as it was in the victorian period where houses were very tall and high and ornate with pitched roofs, but his house changed as he knew automobiles and roads would change housing so he flipped the house (back oriented) -he was about horizontality, the elongation rather than the verticality -Japanese inspiration with the overhanging roofs -the way he interpreted how people used rooms, he opened up space -Japanese influence: the hearth of the home, so he based the footprint of the home around the fireplace which was very innovating for his time -prairie school of design

What is FORMALISM?

Formalism describes the critical position that the most important aspect of a work of art or architecture is its FORM- the way it is made and its visual aspects.

They all come from Greece and usually, the capitals differ each order from one another, they form the classical period DORIC-very typical for greek buildings IONIC CORINTHIAN

Explain the doric order

Comes from the Dorian people. -the capital is very flat and unornamented, the flutes on the shaft are very shallow and spread apart -this column was based on the male body

Parthenon, Acropolis Greece, 447 BC -doric order -the columns are shifted in order to look straight from a perspective when in reality they are not

Explain the ionic order

Comes from the Ionian people -the column is more feminine than the Doric column -the capital has a volute, the flutes are deeper and there are more of them

Explain the Corinthian order?

Temple of Athena Nike, Acropolis, Greece, 427 BC -ionic order

Comes from the corinthian people, -they have the most ornated capital, and the shaft has the skinniest and most of the flutes -based around the acanthus leaf

Temple of Olympian Zeus, Greece, 131AD -has the corinthian order

What is a style?

Styles are characterized by the features that make a building or other structure notable or historically identifiable. a style may include elements such as form, method of construction, and regional character. they are not static or homogenous but rather a complex combination of old and new forms. they emerge from the history of a society

Santiago de Compostela Cathedral, Spain, 1211 -Romanesque style (used strong stone features) -first example of the romanesque style

Reims Cathedral, France, 1200-1300 -gothic style (verticality, flying buttresses, extreme ornamentation, rossette windows, arches)

Church of Gesu, Rome, 1580 -baroque period (Reaction to gothic), it was asymmetrical, ornate decoration

Altes Museum (old museum), Berlin, 1823-1830 -neo-classicism (a return to classicism) -reaction to baroque (ornamented buildings) to something more simply, orderly and mathematically correct. -holds greek and roman antiques -looks like the Parthenon but instead has ionic columns

Grand Central Terminal, New York, 1913 -Beaux-arts (reaction to neoclassical using ornamentation) -melding between the neoclassical columns and roman arches with ornamentation

Metro subway station, Paris, Hector Guimard, 1900 -art nouveau (was primary in Belgium and France) -reaction to Neoclassicism, it doesn't look at form and structure but rather at nature (everything was green, columns look like trees, and they have organic forms)

Theatre des Champs- Elysees, Paris, 1913 -Art-deco style -a reaction to art nouveau -return to something geometric

Bauhaus, Germany, Walter Gropius, 1925 -the only design school in Germany

Weissenhof- Siedlung House (housing in Stuttgart) Germany, Le Corbusier, 1927 -Modern style -reinforced concrete, simplified forms, flat roofs, and zero ornamentation

Portland Building, Oregon- USA, Micheal Graves, 1982 -reaction to modernism- post-modernism style -architecture was used in a humorous way by mocking the modernism

What is a paradigm shift?

Parc de la Villette, Paris, Bernard Tschumi, 1984-87 -deconstructivism style (Zaha Hadid, Frenk Gehry) -based on philosophy

That is an important change that happens when the usual way of thinking about or doing something is replaced by a new and different way -example is Fordism (industrial revolution); how we organise space to achieve efficiency, happened in the 1900's

What is historiography?

Historiography is the writing of history, based on critical examination of sources, the section of particular details, and the synthesis of those details into a narrative that withstands the test of critical examination. the term refers to the theory of history of historical writing.

Art Deco, 120-1940s -primarily in Europe and America -translated around all designs (music, interior, fashion,...) -named for the Exposition des Arts Decoratif et Industriel held in Paris in 1925 with 16 million visitors -art deco came out of the modernist designs -it was about mass production -style is: very angular and geometric, clean lines, bold patterns and lines, African, Aztec and Egyptian influences, exotic materials and bold, chasing colours, little focus on functionality

Chrysler Building, New York, William Van Alen 1928-131 -hallmark of art deco style -prominent in new york skyline -scale and monumentality- for power -symmetry and repetition -materails and shiny reflecting light

Name which style and why

Art deco style, due to geometry, animal motifs, colour and bold patterns (chevron and sunburst)

Tattersalls Building, Brisbane, 1926-35 -done in art deco style -traditionally was a gentleman's club with luxurious rooms -blend of European's understanding of art deco into social traditions of queensland -used black and white marble from gladstone

-art deco style in french landscape architecture -Andre Vera (1881-1971)and Paul Vera (1882-1957) -geometric designs, strong lines- art deco

Death Mask of King Tut -Egypt (3100-1085BC) -his tomb was discovered 1922

First Presbyterian Church, Nashville Tennessee 1930's -Egyptian revival -a christian church -columns: papyrus columns- capital are plants, flowers or papyrus, they are geometric in form with no fluting

Luxor Hotel, Las Vegas USA, 1993 -Egyptian revival -materiality, Egyptian columns..

Bed in the shape of a cow -in Egypt- the more important one was, the more elevated their bed was, thus making king tut's bed the highest -it was thought that the strength of the animals would embody the person (cows, lions, etc...)

What are Ism's?

Ism's mean "taking side with" or "imitation of" and are often used to describe theories, religions, social movements, architecture and behaviours. its a distinctive doctrine, cause or theory

What is shintoism?

Shintoism is an ancient Japanese belief system that promotes ancestor and nature worship. its architecture is characterised by lightness, nature and craftsmanship.

What is pre-Columbianism?

Itsukushima Jinja Shrine, Japan, 12th Century -shinto shrine

Name and date

Kasuaga Taisha Shrine, Nara- Japan, 8th century -shinto shrine

Name and date

Imperial Villa, Katsura-Japan, 1620

It is a particular architecture that comes from South America. this vernacular and indigenous architecture is mostly about ritual, cosmology, religion, sacrifice, power, and monumentality -included civilisations such as the Maya, Inca, Aztec.. who crated temples, pyramids, and organised cities -pyramids in America are usually stepped rather than flat-sided, and were not used as tombs but rather as symbols of wealth and capabilities.

El Castillo, Chichen Itza, Mexico 8th-12th century -pre-columbianism

Tikal Temple,Guatemala, 4th century BC -pre-Columbianism

What is Brutalism?

Brutalism is an architectural style roughly around 1950-180's. -it was a form of modernism -it stresses the exposed of buildings basic elements and materials -so instead of covering up the frame, mechanical systems, and support structures, they were celebrated -usually are city halls, libraries.. -term came from the British architect Reyner Banham that identified it both as an ethic and aesthetic -it is both an aesthetic and ideology (ideologically- structural components should be made visible) -most notable material is concrete- undecorated

Boston City Hall, Boston-USA, Kallmann McKinneli and Knowles and Campbell, Aldrich and Nulty- 1968 -brutalism style

Sainte Marie de La Tourette Monastery, France, Le Corbusier, 1961 -brutalism -linear, flat roof

What is colonialism?

English Coronation Chair, 1300-today (returned to Scotland-1996) in Westminster Abbey

What is orientalism?

Concept designed by Edward Said in "Orientalism"-1978, it is an integral part of European material civilisation and culture. It expresses and represents that part culturally and ideologically with supporting vocabulary, scholarships, doctrines and colonial styles. -appropriation of the east by the west

Queen Anna Library, 1702-1714 -english period -symmetrical, classical, but has aspects of orientalism with the use of green and certain finishes -

English Bedchamber, 1760-1775 -Georgian period, named after King George -wallpaper and Chinese sculptors all show fascination towards east cultures

Calgary Central Library, Calgary-Canada, Craig Tigers -most anticipated building in 2018 -had overlooked ableism, was not very accessible for those in wheelchairs as stairs dominated the space and elevators were not that visible

A quinzee -similar to an igloo except is not made out of blocks but rather out of packing snow really tight -very mobile -speedy and efficient -vernacular

Tipi or teepee -mobile homes for nomadic cultures-North American first nations -made with animal skin and poles (around 20) -centered around a hearth -vernacular- uses local materials -had to face a certain direction depending on what spirit animal they were trying to belong to (eg. eagle/ bear...) -

Yurt or Ger -by Mongolian people -central structure around a hearth, ventilation,

Sanatorium in Fort Qu'appelle

De Hogeweyk, Dementia Village, Netherlands -used as a model for dementia care -enclosed village where people think they are free to walk around -a space of healing- salutogenic design

Fireplace Motif, Mackintosh -

Hill House, Scotland, 104 Charles and Margaret Mackintosh -balance of opposites (blending of traditional and modern), curves and linear, dark and light -modern material -concrete, shaped in an old-looking building- castle (with the turret) -design for the Blackie family, where they lived with them before designing the house -at this time Japanese ports opened- hence there Japanese influence in the interior

Explain vernacular architecture

Hill House drawing room, Scotland 1904 -floor to ceiling window which was rare for this period -contrast between light and dark, low and high -squares and circles were believed to be representation of the body and mind -mackintosh rose -they did holistic design

After Rudofsky's exhibition in 1964, the term vernacular architecture started

Explain rocky architecture.

Rocky architecture is created by making a hole in a rocky surface which over time gradually expands to make different interior spaces. they can be classified into shelters and dwellings. Shelters are rock overhangs and dwellings use excavation. Dwellings can be cliff, pit, and dual architecture

Which 2 cone space architecture exists?

In Goreme Turkey and Kandovan Iran. -because the rest have never been used by people. -they have similarities (facade, internal layout), but they vary as the one in Turkey is abandoned. -it is made out of turf, which is soft enough to excavate but tough enough to hold.

Pianofore -Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema -victorian period

Name

Victorian bathroom -1837-1901 -since the victorian period came the bathroom we know today because there was a great interest in hygene -first time to see a toilet in the indoors

Victorian Mansion -verticality, pitched roofs -time of revivalism- classical columns mixed with gothic style and so on -front porch- traditional design -rooms were class based and gender based -victorian period- rise of the middle-class

Victorian Parlor -scarlet red was typical for this period- like green as well -velvet curtains to make the place seem dark -materials covered every surface