IMMUNO AND SERO
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| 1000 AD, PRACTICED INHALATION OF POWDER FROM CRUSTS OF SMALLPOX LESION. | VARIOLATION BY CHINESE |
| CONSIDERED TO BE THE FATHER OF IMMUNOLOGY. | LOUIS PASTEUR- |
| WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES OF LYMPHOCYTES? | 1.T LYMPHOCYTES 2. B LYMPHOCYTES 3. NATURAL KILLER CELLS |
| MEDIATORS OF HUMORAL IMMUNITY | B LYMPHOCYTES |
| MEDIATORS OF CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY | T LYMPHOCYTES |
| CELLS OF INNATE IMMUNITY | NATURAL KILLER CELLS |
| THEY CAPTURE ANTIGENS FOR DISPLAY TO LYMPHOCYTES | ANTIGEN-REPRESENTING CELLS |
| WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES OF ANTIGEN- REPRESENTING CELLS? | 1. DENDRITIC CELLS 2. MACROPAHGES 3. FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS |
| THEY ARE THE INITIATION OF T CELL RESPONSES | DENDRITIC CELLS |
| DISPLAY OF ANTIGENS TO B LYMPHOCYTES IN HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSES | FOLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS |
| THEY ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ELIMINATION OF ANTIGENS | EFFECTOR CELLS |
| T CELLS AND CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTES | T LYMPHOCYTES |
| CELLS OF THE MONONUCLEAR-PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM | MACROPHAGES |
| THEY CONSIST OF NEUTROPHILS, AND EOSINOPHILS | GRANULOCYTES |
| WHAT ARE THE FUNCTION OF IMMUNE SYSTEM | 1. DEFEND THE BODY FROM DISEASES (INFECTIOUS/ NON INFECTIOS) 2. RECOGNIZING THE “SELF” FROM “NONSELF”. 3. CREATE MEMORY |
| THEY ARE THE PHYSICAL BARRIER TO MANY MICROORGANISM. | UNBROKEN SKIN & MUCOSAL MEMBRANE- |
| IT IS THE UPPER LAYER OF SKIN | KERATINIZATION |
| “NATURAL IMMUNITY”, INBORN OR INNATE, NON-SPECIFIC MECHANISM | SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE |
| SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE THAT IS SENSITIVE INDICATOR OF INFLAMMATION | ACUTE PHASE REACTANTS- |
| “ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY”, ACQUIRED, SPECIFIC- AN EVOLVED MECHANISM OF THE BODY TO RECOGNIZE, REMEMBER, AND RESPOND TO A SPECIFIC STIMULUS, AN ANTIGEN. | THIRD LINE OF DEFENSE |
| WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPE OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY? | 1.CELLULAR- MEDIATED IMMUNITY 2. HUMORAL- MEDIATED IMMUNITY |
| T LYMPHOCYTE DIFFERENTIATES INTO? | 1. T- HELPER CELL 2. T- MEMORY CELL 3. CYTOTOXIC T-CELL |
| MOSTLY PHAGOCYTES, COLLECTS AND PRESENTS THE ANTIGEN COLLECTED FROM THE INFECTION SITE TO THE T LYMPHOCYTES. | ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELL |
| MAIN APC, PROCESSES ANTIGEN FOR RECOGNITION BY T CELLS. | DENDRITIC CELLS |
| RESPOND FROM ACTIVATION BY T- HELPER CELLS | B LYMPHOCYTES |
| B LYMPHOCYTES DIFFERENTIATES INTO: | 1. MEMORY B CELLS- 2. PLASMA CELLS 3. T CELL- INDEPENDENT B- LYMPHOCYTES |
| IT IS A TYPE OF B LYMPHOCYTES THAT IS FOR STORAGE | MEMORY B CELS |
| TYPE OF B LYMPHOCYTES THAT IS ACTIVATED DIRECTLY BY MICROORGANISM. | T CELL- INDEPENDENT B- LYMPHOCYTE- |
| ACTION OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST THE FOREIGN MATERIAL. | HUMORAL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY |
| WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF HUMORAL- MEDIATED IMMUNITY | ACTIVE IMMUNITY PASSIVE IMMUNITY |
| ACQUIRED THROUGH EXPOSURE. ACTIVATES THE PRODUCTION OF ANTIBODIES OF IMMUNOCOMPETENT INDIVIDUAL. | ACTIVE IMMUNITY |
| TYPE OF ACTIVE IMMUNITY THAT IS EXPOSURE TO NATURAL INFECTION OR REGULAR SERIES OF INFECTIONS. EX. COLDS, WOUND, COUGH | NATURAL-ACTIVE IMMUNITY |
| TYPE OF ACTIVE IMMUNITY THAT IS EXPOSURE TO HUMAN-MADE ANTIGENS. EX. VACCINATION | ARTIFICIAL- ACTIVE IMMUNITY |
| TYPE OF HUMORAL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY THAT IS ACQUIRED WHEN A PERSON IS GIVEN ANTIBODIES RATHER THAN PRODUCING THEM BY HIS/ HER OWN IMMUNE SYSTEM. | PASSIVE IMMUNITY |
| TYPE OF PASSIVE IMMUNITY THAT IS ACHIEVED THROUGH TRANSFER OF ANTIBODIES FROM MOTHER TO BABY. EX. BREASTFEED, MATERNAL PLACENTAL CIRCULATION | NATURAL- PASSIVE IMMUNITY |
| MOLECULES ASSOCIATED WITH GROUPS OF ANTIGEN THAT ARE RECOGNIZED BY CELLS FROM THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM. | PATHOGEN- ASSOCIATED MOLECULAR PATTERNS (PAMP) |
| RECOGNIZES THE PAMP | PATTERN RECOGNITION RECEPTORS (PRR) |
| CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS THAT BINDS PATHOGEN | PHAGOCYTOSIS RECEPTOR |
| SET OF RECEPTORS FOUND IN DENDRITIC, MACROPHAGE. EX. TLR 1- BINDS TO PEPTIDOGLYCAN OF GRAM(+) BACTERIA TLR 2- BINDS TO LIPOPROTEINS OF GRAM(- ) BACTERIA | TOLL- LIKE RECEPTORS |
| Capable of provoking a humoral and/or cell-mediated immune response | IMMUNOGENIC OR ANTIGENIC |
| The cellular membrane of mammalian cells consists chemically of proteins, _______, cholesterol, and traces of_______. | PHOSPHOLIPIDS AND POLYSACCHARIDES |
| The MHC is divided into four major regions: | D, B, C, and A. |
| The classic or class Ia genes that code for class I molecules. | A, B, and C regions |
| Codes for class II molecules | The D region |
| Encoded in the HLA-D region and can be subdivided into three families, HLA-DR, HLA-DC (DQ), and HLA-SB (DP) | Class II gene region |
| It has a function as targets of T lymphocytes that regulate the immune response | CLASS 1 AND 2 MOLECULES |
| Regulate interaction between cytolytic T cells and target cells | CLASS I MOLECULES |
| Restrict the activity of regulatory T cells. It regulate the interaction between helperT cells and antigen-presenting cells(APCs). | CLASS II MOLECULES |
| When foreign RBC antigens are introduced to a host, a______ or ________ of the fetus and newborn can result. | TRANSFUSION REACTION OR HEMOLYTIC DISEASE |
| Antigens, or immunogens, are usually____ organic molecules that are proteins or large polysaccharides and, rarely, if ever, _____. | LARGE AND LIPIDS |
| It is an excellent antigens because of their high molecular weight and structural complexity | PROTEINS |
| Are poor antigens because of relative simplicity, molecular flexibility, and rapid degradation | NUCLEIC ACID |
| They can be produced by artificially stabilizing them and linking them to an immunogenic carrier. | Anti–nucleic acid antibodies |
| Are considered too small to function as antigens. | CARBOHYDRATES (POLYSACCHARIDES) |
| Antibodies are specific proteins referred to as _______. | IMMUNOGLOBULINES |
| Many antibodies can be isolated in the gamma globulin fraction of protein by? | Electrophoresis separation |
| The term immunoglobulin (Ig) has replaced ______ because not all antibodies have gamma electrophoretic mobility | Gamma globulin |
| The primary function of an antibody in body defenses is to _____ with antigen,which may be enough to _______ bacterial toxins or some viruses. | COMBINE AND NEUTRALIZE |
| Five distinct classes of immunoglobulin molecules are recognized in most higher mammals, which are: | IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD, and IgE. |
| Immunoglobulin M accounts for about ___ % of the Ig pool and is largely confined to the ______pool because of its large size. | 10% and intravascular |
| IgM is effective in what reactions? | Agglutination and cytolytic |
| TYPE OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN THAT IS PRODUCED EARLY IN IMMUNE RESPONSE | IMMUNOGLOBULIN M |